Japanese White Pines
Standard Japanese White Pines are grown from seeds.
Cultivars such as 'Aoi', 'Kokonoe', 'Miyajima', and 'Zuisho' are grafted onto Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus). These grafts are made as low as possible, and will eventually fade into the nebari of the tree as it matures.
It is possible (although risky) to air-layer ‘Kokonoe’ and ‘Zuisho’, to grow them on their own roots. Before air layering, it is wise to let ‘Kokonoe’ and ‘Zuisho’ first thicken on the vigorous base of Eastern White Pine.